Assignment from Tri Djoko Wahjono, Ir., M.Sc.
1. How Did the Internet Evolve?
The Internet,
also called the Net, is a worldwide collection of networks that links
millions of businesses, government agencies, educational institutions, and
individuals.
During the 1950s, several communications researchers realized
that there was a need to allow general communication between users of various
computers and communications networks.
The Internet
has its roots in ARPANET, a network started in 1969 to link
scientific and academic researchers across the United States. Had two main goal: (1)Allow
scientists at different physical locations to share information and work
together (2)Function
even if part of the network were disabled or destroyed by a disaster
The original ARPANET consisted of
four main computers. Each of these computers served as a host on the network. A
host, more commonly known today as a server
As researchers and others realized
the great benefit of using ARPANET to share data and information
Today, more than 550 million host computers
connect to the Internet
2.
What Are the
Various Types of Internet Connections and What Are the Differences between
Broadband and Dial-Up Connections?
1.
Cable Internet service : provides high-speed Internet access through the cable
television network via a cable modem
2.
DSL
(digital subscriber line): provides
Internet connections using regular copper telephone lines
3. Fiber to the
Premises (FTTP) : uses fiber-optic cable to provide
high-speed Internet Access
4.
Fixed wireless: provides
high-speed Internet connections using a dish-shaped antenna to communicate via
radio signals
5. Cellular
Radio Network: offers highspeed Internet
connections to devices with built-in compatible technology or computers with
wireless Modems
6. Wi-Fi: uses radio signals to provide high-speed Internet connections
to compatible or properly equipped
7. Satellite
Internet Service: provides high-speed Internet
connections via satellite
Differences between broadband and
dial-up connections
With broadband Internet service,
your computer or mobile device usually is connected to the Internet the entire
time it is powered on. Examples of broadband Internet service include cable,
DSL, fiber, radio signals, and satellite.
Dial-up access, which is slower-speed technology, takes place when the
modem in your computer connects to the Internet via a standard telephone line
that transmits data and information using an analog (continuous wave) pattern.
3.
What Are the
Types of Internet Access Providers?
An access provider is
a business that provides access to the Internet free or for a fee
An ISP (Internet
service provider) is a regional or national access
provider.
A regional
ISP usually provides Internet access to
a specific geographic area.
A national
ISP is a business that provides Internet
access in cities and towns nationwide.
Examples of national ISPs are AT&T and EarthLink.
An Online Service Provider(OSP) also has
many members-only features
such as instant messaging or their own customized version of a Web browser. The
two more popular OSPs are
AOL (America Online) and MSN (Microsoft Network).
A wireless
Internet service provider provides
wireless Internet access
to desktop and notebook computers and mobile devices
with built-in wireless capabilities (such as Wi-Fi) or to
computers using wireless modems or wireless
access devices.
4.
What Is the
Purpose of an IP Address, and What Is Its Relationship to a Domain Name?
An IP address (Internet
Protocol address) is a number that uniquely identifies each computer or device
connected to the Internet.The Internet relies on IP addresses to send data to computers
at specific locations. The IP address usually consists of four groups of
numbers, each separated by a period. The number in each group is between 0 and
255.. the first portion of each IP address identifies the network and the last
portion identifies the specific computer. These all-numeric IP addresses are
difficult to remember and use. A domain
name is the text version of an IP
address
IP address
->72.14.207.99
Domain name ->www.google.com
5.
What Is the
Purpose of a Web Browser, and What Are the Components of a Web Address?
A Web
browser, or browser,
is application software that allows users to access and view Web pages or
access Web 2.0 programs
Home page : is the
first page that a Web site displays
Link : short for hyperlink,
is a built-in connection to another related Web page or part of a Web page.
Downloading :
the process of a computer or device receiving information, such as a Web
page, from a server on the
Internet.
Web page : has a unique address called a URL (Uniform Resource Locator), or Web
address.
Components of a web address : a protocol, a domain name, and
sometimes the
path to a specific Web page or
location on a Web page.
protocol : http://
domain name : www.nps.gov
path : grsm/planyoutvisit
web page name : wildlifeviewing.htm
6.
How Do You Use
a Search Engine to Search for Information on the Web, and What Is the
Difference between a Search Engine and a Subject Directory?
A search engine is helpful in
locating information for which you do not
know an exact Web address.
Thousands of search engines are available. Some search through Web pages for
all types of information. Other search engines can restrict their searches to a
specific type of information, such as images, videos, news, maps, and other
information related to a specific topic.
Search engines require that you enter a word or phrase,
called search text or search
query,
that describes the item you want to find. Each word in
the search text is known as a keyword
Search engines often respond with
thousands of results, whose content varies depending on the type of information
you are seeking
Difference between a Search Engine and a Subject Directory
Search engine : a program that finds Web sites, Web pages, images,
videos, news, maps, and other information related to a specific topic.
Subject directory : classifies Web pages in an organized set of
categories, such as sports or shopping, and related subcategories.
Some Web sites offer the functionality of both a search
engine and a subject directory.
Example of both of search engine and subject directory :
google
Example of only search engine : ask and bing
7.
What Are the
Types of Web Sites?
1.
Portal: Web site that offers a variety of Internet services
from a single, convenient location. Portals offer these free services: search
engine; news; sports and weather; Web publishing; reference tools such as
yellow pages, stock quotes, and maps; shopping; and e-mail and other
communications services. Examples: AltaVista, AOL, Excite, GO.com, iGoogle,
Lycos, MSN, and Yahoo!
2.
News: contains newsworthy material including stories and articles
relating to current events, life, money, sports, and the weather. Examples :
okezone,detikcom, vivanews
3.
Informational: contains factual information such as census data, tax
codes, the congressional budget, public transportation schedules and published
research findings. Example: national library of medicine
4.
Business/marketing:
contains content that promotes or
sells products or services. Examples: lazada,bhineka, tokobagus
5.
Blog: short for Weblog, is an informal Website consisting of time-stamped
articles, or posts,in a diary or journal format, usually listed in reverse
chronological order.Examples:blogspot,wordpress
6.
Wiki: collaborative Web site that allows users to create, add
to, modify, or delete the Web site content via their Web browser. Example:wikipedia
7.
Online Social
Network: also called a social networking Web site, is a Web site that encourages members in its online
community to share their interests, ideas, stories, photos, music, and videos
with other registered users. Examples:facebook,twitter
8.
Educational: offers exciting, challenging avenues for formal and
informal teaching and learning. Example:eHow
9.
Entertainment: offers an interactive and engaging environment such as
music, videos, sports, games, ongoing Web episodes, sweepstakes, chat rooms,
and more. Example:games.com
10. Advocacy: contains
content that describes a cause, opinion, or idea. usually present views of a
particular group or association.Example:ASPCA
11. Web Application:
Web site that allows users to access and interact with software through a Web
browser on any computer or device that is connected to the Internet. Example:
Google Docs,TurboTax Online and Windows Live Hotmail
12. Content Aggregator:
business that gathers and organizes Web content and then distributes, or feeds,
the content to subscribers for free or a fee. Example : mDigger
13. Personal:
publish personal Web pages for a variety of reasons such as job hunting and
share life experiences with the world. Examplr : pesonal or family homepage
8.
How Do Web
Pages Use Graphics, Animation, Audio, Video, Virtual Reality, and Plug Ins?
Some Web pages use multimedia,
which combines text with graphics, animation, audio, video, and/or virtual
reality.
1. Graphics: digital representation of nontext information
such as a drawing, chart, or photo. Graphics formats that exist and general on the
Web are JPEG and GIF formats.
2. Animation: the appearance of motion created by
displaying a series of still images in sequence, make Web pages more visually
interesting or draw attention to important information or links.
Example: text that animates by
scrolling across the screen can serve as a ticker to display stock updates,
news, sports scores, weather, or other information.
3. Audio: includes music, speech, or any other sound.
Simple applications consist of individual audio files available for download to
a computer or device. To listen to an audio file on your computer, you need
special software called a player. Some applications on the Web use streaming audio. Streaming is
the process of transferring data in a continuous and even flow.
4. Video : consists of images displayed in motion. Most
video also has accompanying audio. You can use the Internet to watch live
and/or pre recorded. You can upload, share, or view video clips at a video
sharing Web site such as YouTube
5. Virtual Reality: the use of computers to simulate a real
or imagined environment that appears as a three-dimensional (3-D) space. VR
involves the display of 3-D images that users explore and manipulate
interactively. Example, might show a house forsale. Potential buyers walk
through rooms in the VR house by moving an input device forward, backward, or
to the side.
6. Plug Ins:an additional program that have the capability
of displaying basic multimedia elements on a Web page; extends the capability
of a browser.Examples:Acrobat reader, flash player, java, quicktime, realplayer
ect.
9.
What Are the
Steps Required for Web Publishing?
1.
Plan a web site
Think about issues that could affect the design of the
Web site. Identify the purpose of the Web site and the characteristics of the
people whom you want to visit the Web site. Determine ways to differentiate
your Web site from other similar ones.
2.
Analyze and
design a web site
Design the layout of elements of the Web site such as
links, text, graphics, animation, audio, video, and virtual reality. Required hardware
may include a digital camera, Web cam, scanner, sound card, and microphone
3.
Create a web
site
Use a word processing program to create basic Web pages
that contain text and graphics. Use Web page authoring software to create more
sophisticated Web sites that include text, graphics, animation, audio, video,
and special effects. For advanced features such as managing users, passwords,
chat rooms, and e-mail, you may need to purchase specialized Web site management
software.
4.
Deploy a web
site
Transfer the Web pages from your computer to a Web
server. Many Internet access providers offer their customers storage space on a
Web server. Another option is a Web hosting service, which provides storage
space on a Web server for a reasonable monthly fee. To help others locate your
Web page, register your Web address with various search engines to ensure your
site will appear in the hit lists for searches for certain keywords
5.
Maintain a web
site
Visit the Web site regularly to
ensure the Web site contents are current and all links work properly
10. What Are the Types of E-Commerce?
E-commerce(electronic
commerce): a business transaction that occurs
over an electronic network such as the Internet.
1.
Business to
consumer(B2C)
Consists of the sale of goods and services to the
general public.
Example:
Apple has a B2C Web site. Instead of visiting a retail
store, customers can order directly from Apple’s Web site.
2.
Business to
business(B2B)
Provide goods and services to other businesses, such as
online advertising, recruiting,
credit, sales, market research, technical support, and
training.
Example: some MasterCard and Visa credit card companies
provide corporations with Web-based purchasing, tracking, and transaction
downloading capabilities.
3.
Consumer to
consumer(C2C)
Occurs when one consumer sells directly to another, such
as in an online auction. Example: users bid on an item being sold by someone
else. The highest bidder at the end of the bidding period purchases the item.
eBay is one of the more popular online auction Web sites.
11. How Do E-Mail, Mailing Lists, Instant Messaging, Chat Rooms,
VoIP, Newsgroups and Message Boards, and FTP Work?
1.
Email (electronic mail)
: transmission of messages and files via a computer network.
e-mail program :
create, send,receive, forward, store, print, and delete e-mail messages.
Desktop e-mail programs: Outlook and Windows Live Mail
Free e-mail Web applications: Gmail and Windows Live
Hotmail
2. Mailing Lists: an
e-mail list ordistribution list, is a group of e-mail names and
addresses given a single name. When a message is sent to
a mailing list, every person on the list receives a copy of the message in his or
her mailbox.
Example: your credit card company may add you to its
mailing list in order to send you special offers.
Subscribe : To add your e-mail name and address to a mailing list
Unsubscribe :
To remove your name
3. Instant Messaging: a
real-time Internet communications service that notifies you when one or more
people are online and then allows you to exchange messages or files or join a
private chat room with them
To use IM, you may have to install instant messenger software
on the computer or mobile device
Example: AIM (AOL Instant
Messenger), Google Talk, MySpace IM, Windows Live Messenger, and Yahoo!
Messenger
4.
Chat Rooms: real-time typed conversation that takes place on a
computer.
To start a chat session, you connect to a chat server
through a program called a chat client. Today’s browsers usually include a chat client. If
yours does not, you can download a chat client from the Web.
5.
VoIP(Voice over
IP, or Internet Protocol): also
called Internet telephony, enables users to speak to other users over the
Internet
To place an Internet telephone call, you need a
high-speed Internet connection
(such as a DSL or cable modem), Internet telephone
service, a microphone or telephone, Internet telephone software or a VoIP
router and telephone adapter
6. Newsgroup and message boards:
Newsgroup :an
online area in which users have written discussions about a particular subject
To participate in a newsgroup, typically you use a
program called a newsreader. Windows Live Mail includes a newsreader. Some Web
sites, such as Google Groups, that sponsor newsgroups have a built-in
newsreader.
Message board
:A popular Web-based type of discussion group that does not require a
newsreader
7.
FTP: an Internet standard that permits
file uploading and downloading with other computers on the Internet
Many operating systems include FTP capabilities. If
yours does not, you can download FTP programs from the Web, usually for a small
fee.
12. What Are the Rules of Netiquette?
Netiquette(Internet etiquette): the code of acceptable behaviors
users should follow while on the Internet.
1.
In e-mail,chat
rooms and newsgroups:
- Keep messages brief.use proper
grammar, speling and punctuation
- Be careful when using sarcasm
and humor, as it might be misinterpeted
- Be polite. Avoid offensive
language
- Read the message befor you send
it
- Use meaningful subject lines.
- Avoid sending spam, which is
Internet`s version of junk mail
- Do not use all capital letters,
which is the equivalent of SHOUTING!
- Use emoticons to express
emoticon
- Use abbreviation and acronyms
for phrase
- Clearly identify a spoiler
2.
Read the FAQ(frequently asked questions)
3.
Do not assume material is accurate or up-to-date. Be forgiving
of other`s mistakes
4.
Never read someone`s private e-mail.
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