Assignment
from Tri Djoko
Wahjono, Ir., M.Sc.
1.
What
Are the Special Information Requirements of an Enterprise-Sized Corporation?
A large organization,
or enterprise, requires special computing solutions
because of its size and geographical extent.
Enterprise computing involves the use of computers in networks,
such as LANs and WANs, or a series of interconnected networks to satisfy the
information needs of an enterprise.
Executive management, which includes the highest management
positions in a company, needs information to make strategic decisions.
Middle management, which is responsible for implementing the
strategic decisions of executive management, needs information to make tactical decisions.
Operational management, which supervises the production, clerical,
and other nonmanagement employees, needs information to make an operational decision that involves day-to-day activities.
Nonmanagement employees also need information to perform their jobs
and make decisions.
Managers use business intelligence (BI ), business process management (BPM ), and business process automation (BPA ) tools to focus on
information that is important to the decision-making process.
2.
What
Information Systems and Software Are Used in the Functional Units of an Enterprise?
An information system is a set of hardware, software, data,
people, and procedures that work together to produce information. In an
enterprise, the individual functional
units have specialized
requirements for their information systems. Accounting and fi nancial systems
manage transactions and help budget, forecast, and analyze.
A human resources information system (HRIS) manages
humanresources functions. An employee relationship management ( ERM ) system automates and manages communications between employees and the
business.
Computer-aided design (CAD) assists engineers in
product design, and computer-aided
engineering (CAE) tests product designs.
Computer-aided
manufacturing (CAM) controls production equipment, and computer-integrated manufacturing (CIM) integrates operations
in the manufacturing process.
Material Requirements
Planning (MRP) uses software to help monitor and control processes related to
production. A quality control system
helps an organization
maintain or improve the quality of its products or services and typically
includes quality control
software. A marketing information system serves as a central repository for marketing
tasks.
Sales force automation (SFA) software equips
salespeople with the electronic tools they need. Distribution systems control inventory, manage and track
shipping, and provide information and analysis on warehouse inventory.
Customer interaction
management (CIM) software manages day-to-day interactions with customers. Web site management programs collect data to help organizations make
informed decisions regarding their Web presence. Security software enables the IT department to limit access to
sensitive information.
3.
What
Information Systems Are Used throughout an Enterprise?
Some general purpose
information systems, called enterprise-wide
systems, are used throughout an
enterprise.
An office information system (OIS) enables employees to
perform tasks using computers and other electronic devices. A transaction processing system (TPS) captures and
processes data from dayto- day business activities.
A management information system (MIS) generates accurate,
timely, and organized information, so that users can make decisions, solve problems,
supervise activities, and track progress.
A decision support system (DSS) helps users analyze data
and make decisions.
An expert system captures and stores the knowledge of human
experts and then imitates human reasoning and decision making.
Customer relationship
management (CRM) systems manage information about customers. Enterprise resource planning (ERP) provides centralized,
integrated software to help manage and coordinate the ongoing activities of an
enterprise.
A content management system (CMS) is a combination of
databases, software, and procedures that organizes and allows access to various
forms of documents and files.
4.
What
Are Types of Technologies Used throughout an Enterprise?
Technologies used
throughout an enterprise include the following items. A portal is a collection of links, content, and services presented on a Web
page and designed to guide users to related to their jobs.
A data warehouse is a huge database that stores and manages the
data required to analyze historical and current transactions. An enterprise’s communications
infrastructure consists of hardware (such as wired and wireless network
connections and devices, routers, fi rewalls, and servers), software (such as
e-mail, instant messaging, VoIP, and server management), and procedures for
using and managing hardware and software.
An extranet allows customers or suppliers to access part of an enterprise’s
intranet.
Web services allow businesses to create products and B2B
interactions over the Internet. Many enterprises employ a serviceoriented architecture (SOA) to allow better
communications and services between diverse information systems.
A document management system (DMS) allows for storage
and management of a company’s documents.
A workflow application assists in the management and tracking of
the activities in a business process from start to finish.
A virtual private network (VPN) provides users with a
secure connection to a company’s network server.
5.
What
Are Virtualization, Cloud Computing, and Grid Computing?
Virtualization is the practice of sharing or pooling
computing resources, such as servers and storage devices. Server virtualization provides the capability to divide a physical
server logically into many virtual servers; storage virtualization provides the capability to create a single logical storage device
from many physical storage devices.
Cloud computing is an Internet service that provides
computing needs to computer users. Grid computing,
which often is used in research environments, combines many servers and/or
personal computers on a network to act as one large computer. Cloud and grid
computing usually charge a fee based on usage or processing time.
6.
What
Are the Computer Hardware Needs and Solutions for an Enterprise?
Enterprise hardware allows large organizations to manage and
share information and data using devices geared for maximum availability and
effi ciency. Enterprises use a variety of hardware types to meet their
large-scale needs.
A RAID (redundant array of
independent disks) is a group of
integrated disks that duplicates data and information to improve data
reliability.
Network attached storage
(NAS) is a server that provides storage for users and information
systems attached to the network.
A storage area network (SAN) is a highspeed network
that provides storage to other servers. An enterprise storage system uses a combination of techniques to consolidate storage so that
operations run efficiently.
A blade server, sometimes called an ultradense server, packs a complete computer server on a
single card, or blade, rather than a system unit.
A thin client is a small, terminal-like computer that
mostly relies on a server for data storage and processing.
7.
What
Are High Availability, Scalability, and Interoperability?
The availability of hardware to users is a measure of how
often it is online.
A high-availability system continues running and performing at least 99
percent of the time. Scalability is the measure of how well computer
hardware, software, or an information system can grow to meet an enterprise’s
increasing performance demands.
An information system
often must share information, or have interoperability, with other information systems within the enterprise.
8.
Why
Is Computer Backup Important, and How Is It Accomplished?
A backup duplicates a
fi le or program to protect an enterprise if the original is lost or damaged. A
full, or archival, backup copies all of the programs and files in a computer. A
differential backup copies only files that have changed since the last full
backup. An incremental backup copies only files that have changed since the
last full or incremental backup. A selective, or partial, backup allows users
to back up specifi c files. Continuous data protection (CDP), or continuous
backup, is a backup plan in which data is backed up whenever a change is made.
Backup procedures specify a regular plan of copying and storing data and
program files.
9.
What
Are the Steps in a Disaster Recovery Plan?
A disaster recovery plan describes the steps a company would take to
restore computer operations in the event of a disaster. A disaster recovery
plan contains four components.
The emergency plan specifies the steps to be taken immediately
after a disaster strikes. The backup plan stipulates
how a company uses backup files and equipment to resume information processing.
The recovery plan identifies the actions to be taken to
restore full information processing operations.
The test plan contains information for simulating
disasters and recording an organization’s ability to recover.
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